Background: The importance of lateral transforaminal endoscopic TREATMENT of thoracic disc herniation lies in the fact that the use of a needle can remove some of the disc contents and cause the disc herniation to disappear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of percutaneous endoscopy on the TREATMENT of patients with thoracic disc herniation. Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in the TREATMENT of thoracic disc herniation Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with thoracic hernias between January 2014 and December 2019. A total of 13 operative cases were selected via census sampling. Lateral endoscopic TREATMENT of thoracic disc herniation was performed on patients, and they were followed up for 6-18 months. All patients were assessed by the visual analog scale Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before the surgery, as well as one week, three months, and six months after the operation, respectively. Results: The sample included 13 patients with a mean age of 60. 3 years. The location of the thoracic disc herniation varied among the patients. The VAS scores before the surgery, as well as one week, three months, and six months after the surgery, were 7±, 0. 8, 3. 3±, 0. 6, 2. 3±, 0. 8, 1. 4±, 0. 3, and 1. 3±, 0. 4, respectively, pointing to a significant decrease (P≤, 0. 001). The ODI scores before the surgery, one day after surgery, one week after surgery, three months after surgery, and six months after surgery were 65. 2±, 5. 8%, 11. 5±, 5. 3%, 8. 9±, 3. 3%, 5. 3±, 2. 5, and 4. 7±, 3. 5, demonstrating a significant decrease (P≤, 0. 001). The score of the Macnab standard, a rating system evaluating the effectiveness of spine surgeries, was also satisfactory. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, percutaneous endoscopy in the TREATMENT of patients with thoracic disc herniation was able to improve the clinical condition of patients and replace the previous methods of thoracic hernia surgery as an effective, efficient, and safe method.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare higher-order aberrations between personalized TREATMENT (PT) versus personalized TREATMENT advanced (PTA) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 eyes of 40 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. They underwent PRK using PT or PTA algorithm randomly. Higher-order aberrations were measured and compared between the study groups pre-operatively and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively.Results: The two study groups were comparable in terms of preoperative higher-order aberrations.Compared to the preoperative values, higher-order aberrations were significantly increased in the PT group (p<0.001), but decreased in the PTA group (p<0.001). Spherical aberration exhibited a significant increase postoperatively in the PT group (p<0.001) but remained unchanged in the PTA group (P=0.57).Conclusion: PRK using PT algorithm resulted in an increase higher-order aberrations. PTA algorithm provided better results in terms of postoperative higher-order aberrations and could treat pre-existing higher-order aberrations.

Background & Aims: Drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is used to assess how a drug is prescribed and administered. We studied the use of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) which is widely used in cardiovascular patients as prophylactic or CURATIVE TREATMENT.Materials & Methods: In a retrospective study, medical records of 322 patients admitted to the hospital for nine consecutive months starting from July 2012 who had received enoxaparin were reviewed. Purpose of administration and dosage were recorded and compared with published guidelines for enoxaparin administration.Results: The mean patient age was 61.15±13.19.88 patients (27.3%) received enoxaparin for prophylactic and 234 patients (72.7%) received it as CURATIVE TREATMENT. Prophylactic dose in 18 patients (20.45%) was according to published guidelines and in 70 patients (79.55%) more than recommended dose. In those patients who had received enoxaparin as CURATIVE TREATMENT, in 134 patients (57.27%) it was in accordance with the recommended dose. in 95 patients (40.6%) it was less and in 5 patients (2.13%) was more than recommended dose. In three patients who had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 30 ml/min, two patients received more and one patient received less than appropriate dose.Conclusion: The results indicate that in a large percentage of patients administered dose of enoxaparin as prophylactic use was more than guideline’s recommendations and conversely administrated dose for CURATIVE TREATMENT was less than recommended dose.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have walking difficulty in the advanced stages of the disease and also suffer from balance problems. They perform their functional movements in a smaller range and at a slower rate, which will cause difficulty in performing daily activities. Patients with PD face many difficulties in outdoor activities, community participation, personal tasks, and fine motor skills (e. g. writing). They usually need the help of others. For two decades, a new TREATMENT called Lee Silverman Voice TREATMENT (LSVT) has been used by the speech therapists to treat speech and swallowing disorders in PD patients based on evidence and principles of neuroplasticity. The BIG protocol was added to this method in 2010 (LSVT-BIG). In this method, the whole body is involved and its main focus is on motor skills, which are guided by a physiotherapist and occupational therapist. The main goal of this new method is to improve patient’ s skilled movement in PD, as opposed to the old methods that introduce muscle stiffness as the main problem in these patients. In this method, patients will be required to perform a series of special exercises in sitting and standing positions in a larger range than usual with a specific schedule and in a one-month intensive period. Doing the BIG protocol correctly can make the range of motion softer and larger. The studies also show that the LSVT BIG method is very effective for improving patients' walking patterns and daily activities and significantly increases the quality of life in PD patients. Eventually, the PD patients will be able to perform their motor tasks automatically. Considering the useful results of this method and also the growing trend of its application around the world, it is necessary to enable therapists with this new method and provide more complete services for PD patients.

Background: The objective of this study was to test the toxicology and microbiological of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare “ MEMV” in rat and its efficiency in the TREATMENT of systemic candidiasis. Methods: Forty (40) male rats (Wistar type) were divided into four groups (10 rats /group) where the toxicological, microbiological and histological studies were applied. Later, the infection with 107 cells /ml of Candida albicans and the CURATIVE TREATMENT were applied by the daily administration with a gavage of 800 mg/kg of MEMV. Results: The toxicology studies indicated that the dose of MEMV at 800 mg/kg of body weight was not harmful. The microbiological and histological analysis showed that the TREATMENT with MEMV of rat colonized with 107 cells/ml of Candida albicans limits the multiplication of the yeast in the intestine and colon of the colonized rat. The translocation of Candida albicans in liver, spleen and lungs in rat which was treated with 800 mg/kg of MEMV was significantly lower than in controls to seven post-infection days. However, we did not detect yeast in the kidneys and hearts of the infected treated groups and the infected untreated ones. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MEMV limits the gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination of Candida albicans in the other organs.

Background & purpose: Umbilical granuloma (U G) is a common lesion in the first few weeks of life. Traditional therapy is topical application of Silver nitrate stick by a physician. In this study the CURATIVE effect of common salt of UG is reported. Materials &Methods: The parents of 50 infant with UG were given instruction to treat their infant at home. The TREATMENT consisted of application of common salt on the lesion 3- times a day and repeated for 5 day course. The cure and relapse and complication were under follow up for 6 month.Results: 100% case had perfect cure and relapse or complication was not funded.Conclusion: It is concluded that TREATMENT of UG with common salt is simple, cost effective, CURATIVE and safe without complication and need let a physician.

Introduction: Many efforts have been made to improve Ni-Ti alloy for endodontic use and it has been shown that surface properties and thus cutting efficiency of the rotary files can be improved by processes such as electro-polishing, ion implantation and surface coating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogenic TREATMENT on cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary files.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 Ni-Ti rotary instruments (Hero 642, #25, 0.04 taper) were selected and divided into 3 groups of 20. In group I no TREATMENT was used. In group II the instruments were subjected to a deep cryogenic TREATMENT in liquid nitrogen pool (-196oC) for 24 hours and after TREATMENT were immediately tested for cutting efficiency. In group III after cryogenic TREATMENT the temperature of the samples was raised slowly to room temperature for 24 hours. A new piece of test equipment was designed and used. The instruments were attached to the testing machine and rotated in Plexiglas samples for 10 seconds in a working length of 16 mm. The depth of grooves and weight loss of Plexiglas were measured after instrumentation. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of cutting efficacy between the three groups at 95% confidence interval.Results: The instruments which were immediately tested for cutting efficiency had significantly more weight loss and deeper grooves (pweight<0.001; pgroove=0.022), indicating better cutting efficiency. However, there was no significant differences between group I and group III in cutting efficacy (p weight=0.23; p groove=0.61).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the surface properties of Ni-Ti alloy could be improved by the cryogenic TREATMENT for a limited period of time after TREATMENT, increasing the cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary instruments.